The former player: 'I really wanted to continue playing'
Important note: This piece includes details of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that speaking out to expose racism in professional rugby brought his career to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the sport, displaying Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I really hoped to continue playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news came out that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the elite level."
"We has given considerable attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to strive for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and PWR club now has in-person education on creating welcoming environments, with its success tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the production of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive both on the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to share their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more confident others will feel about discussing their own stories as well.
"I take the challenge by the horns and continue carrying this flag and continue supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022